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Peptide Research Database

A searchable selection of published clinical trials and nonclinical experiments. Each record links to the original citation and identifies its population or model.

Curated Study Index

This index is not an exhaustive database or systematic review. Clinical trial summaries were checked against indexed abstracts; the linked full publications contain additional methods, harms and funding details. Study-setting labels are not verified certainty grades. Summaries report selected findings; readers should check full methods, harms, funding and applicability before drawing conclusions.

Research Area:

Curated Clinical & Preclinical Studies

Metabolic Semaglutide
Human randomized trial

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1)

Wilding JPH et al., New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III RCT
Sample Size: n = 1,961

Population / model: Adults with BMI >= 30, or >= 27 with weight-related comorbidity; no diabetes

Key Findings: Mean change in body weight at week 68 was -14.9% in the semaglutide group vs -2.4% in the placebo group (estimated treatment difference -12.4 percentage points, p < 0.001).

Interpretation limit: Selected efficacy findings only; not a complete benefit–harm assessment. Trial results apply to the studied population and intervention.

Metabolic Tirzepatide
Human randomized trial

Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1)

Jastreboff AM et al., New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III RCT
Sample Size: n = 2,539

Population / model: Adults with obesity or overweight without diabetes

Key Findings: Mean percentage change in weight at week 72 was -15.0% (5 mg), -19.5% (10 mg), and -20.9% (15 mg) compared with -3.1% in the placebo group (all p < 0.001).

Interpretation limit: Selected efficacy findings only; not a complete benefit–harm assessment. Trial results apply to the studied population and intervention.

Cardiovascular Semaglutide
Human randomized trial

Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT)

Lincoff AM et al., New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Design: Double-blind, event-driven, multicenter Phase III RCT
Sample Size: n = 17,604

Population / model: Patients aged 45+ with preexisting CVD and BMI >= 27 without diabetes

Key Findings: Primary MACE composite endpoint occurred in 6.5% in the semaglutide group vs 8.0% in placebo (hazard ratio 0.80; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90; p < 0.001). The observed absolute event difference was 1.5 percentage points; mean follow-up was 39.8 months.

Interpretation limit: Selected efficacy findings only; not a complete benefit–harm assessment. Trial results apply to the studied population and intervention.

Growth Hormone Axis Tesamorelin
Human randomized trial

Metabolic Effects of a Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor in Patients with HIV

Falutz J et al., New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Design: Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III RCT
Sample Size: n = 412

Population / model: HIV-infected patients with excess visceral adipose tissue

Key Findings: At 26 weeks, visceral adipose tissue decreased by 15.2% with tesamorelin and increased by 5.0% with placebo. This imaging outcome does not establish a cardiovascular benefit or a general weight-loss indication.

Interpretation limit: Selected efficacy findings only; not a complete benefit–harm assessment. Trial results apply to the studied population and intervention.

Tissue Repair Teriparatide
Human randomized trial

Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

Neer RM et al., New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III trial
Sample Size: n = 1,637

Population / model: Postmenopausal women with prior vertebral fractures

Key Findings: Reduced risk of one or more new vertebral fractures by 65% (20 mcg) and 69% (40 mcg) compared to placebo (p < 0.001), with marked lumbar spine BMD increase.

Interpretation limit: Selected efficacy findings only; not a complete benefit–harm assessment. Trial results apply to the studied population and intervention.

Tissue Repair BPC-157
Nonclinical experiment

Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth

Staresinic M et al., Journal of Orthopaedic Research (2003)

Design: Controlled animal in vivo laboratory experiment
Sample Size: Varies by experiment; see paper

Population / model: Wistar rats with surgical Achilles tendon transection

Key Findings: The authors reported improved biomechanical and functional tendon-healing measures in rats, with additional tendocyte experiments. These were not human treatment outcomes.

Interpretation limit: Model findings do not establish clinical benefit or safety in people. Sample counts vary by experiment; no single participant count is asserted.

Tissue Repair Thymosin beta-4 (full-length)
Nonclinical experiment

Thymosin beta4 enhances endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis

Grant DS et al., Angiogenesis (1999)

Design: In vitro cellular and ex vivo vessel assay
Sample Size: Varies by experiment; see paper

Population / model: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)

Key Findings: The study reported increased endothelial tube formation and vessel sprouting in experimental assays using full-length thymosin beta-4. It did not test the TB-500 fragment or demonstrate healing in patients.

Interpretation limit: Model findings do not establish clinical benefit or safety in people. Sample counts vary by experiment; no single participant count is asserted.

Metabolic MOTS-c
Nonclinical experiment

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance

Lee C et al., Cell Metabolism (2015)

Design: In vivo rodent metabolic study
Sample Size: Varies by experiment; see paper

Population / model: C57BL/6J mice on standard and high-fat diet regimens

Key Findings: The study investigated metabolic regulation in cells and mice, including responses in high-fat-diet models. It did not test a human longevity treatment.

Interpretation limit: Model findings do not establish clinical benefit or safety in people. Sample counts vary by experiment; no single participant count is asserted.

Cardiovascular Liraglutide
Human randomized trial

Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (LEADER)

Marso SP et al., New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III trial
Sample Size: n = 9,340

Population / model: Patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk

Key Findings: The cardiovascular composite occurred in 13.0% with liraglutide versus 14.9% with placebo (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78–0.97; p < 0.001 for noninferiority and p = 0.01 for superiority).

Interpretation limit: Selected efficacy findings only; not a complete benefit–harm assessment. Trial results apply to the studied population and intervention.

Sources & review status

Source check:

Source check completed 10 October 2026. Independent scientific review remains pending. This is an educational selection, not an exhaustive systematic review or prescribing reference. Correction: an unsupported GHK-Cu record was removed because its cited PMID did not identify the described study.